Professor Lee Ford
PhD, BEng
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Professor in Electromagnetic Structure Design
  
  +44 114 222 5904
Full contact details
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Profile
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I received the BEng and PhD. degrees in electronic engineering from The University of Sheffield in 1998 and 2003 respectively, followed by a Higher Doctorate (DEng) in 2023. In 2001, I joined the Stealth Materials Department at the Advanced Technology Center within BAE Systems as a research scientist working on a range of electromagnetics based projects. In 2005, I joined The University of Sheffield, as a Lecturer of communications, becomming a Senior Lecturer in 2012, Reader in 2019 and Professor in 2020.
I have led and contributed to over 30 research projects funded by the EPSRC, EU, government, and industry, totalling £9.8M of funding. I have also worked on consulting projects to a range of industry partners, totalling over £500k of funding.
My current research interests include metamaterials, antenna design, and reconfigurable electromagnetic devices. 
- Qualifications
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- DEng (University of Sheffield), 2023
 - PhD (Electronic Engineering, University of Sheffield), 2003
 - BEng (Electronic Engineering - Communications, University of Sheffield), 1998
 
 
- Research interests
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- Direct antenna modulation
 - Metasurfaces for magnetic resonance imaging applications
 - Reconfigurable antennas, metamaterials and metasurfaces
 - Electrically small antennas, metamaterials and metasurfaces
 - Electromagnetic material characterisation
 
 
- Publications
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Journal articles
- . IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 18(12), 985-991.
 - . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 22(1), 550-562.
 - . IET Communications, 16(20), 2492-2500.
 - . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 69(3), 1483-1492.
 - . IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 39(4), 1085-1093.
 - . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 68(1), 111-120.
 - . IEEE Access, 7, 183770-183782.
 - . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(12), 11848-11857.
 - . Iet Microwaves Antennas and Propagation, 12(10), 1679-1683.
 - . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 65(12), 6290-6297.
 - . IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, 16, 2038-2041.
 - . Iet Microwaves Antennas and Propagation, 10(13), 1378-1383.
 - . IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, 64(1), 251-261.
 - . PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER, 146, 195-207.
 - . International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2014.
 - . Electronics Letters, 49(14), 897-898.
 - . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(4), 2051-2057.
 - . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(4), 2301-2304.
 - . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(9), 4092-4101.
 - . ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 48(8), 425-U26.
 - Switchable on/off-body communication at 2.45 GHz using textile microstrip patch antenna on stripline. Electronics Letters, 48(5), 254-256.
 - . ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 48(2), 65-66.
 - . Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, 31, 153-168.
 - . IET RADAR SONAR NAV, 5(4), 483-488.
 - . ELECTRON LETT, 46(22), 1480-1481.
 - . ELECTRON LETT, 46(14), 971-972.
 - . IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG, 58(2), 581-584.
 - . IET RADAR SONAR NAV, 3(6), 596-600.
 - . IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG, 57(9), 2732-2738.
 - . ELECTRON LETT, 45(7), 339-U1.
 - . ELECTRON LETT, 45(6), 294-U2.
 - . IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG, 56(9), 3049-3052.
 - . ELECTRON LETT, 44(18), 1054-U12.
 - . MICROW OPT TECHN LET, 50(9), 2315-2317.
 - . MICROW OPT TECHN LET, 50(8), 2149-2151.
 - . ELECTRON LETT, 44(6), 392-394.
 - . IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG, 56(1), 133-141.
 - . IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG, 55(10), 2931-2934.
 - . IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C, 49(2), 339-345.
 - . J MATER CHEM, 13(1), 16-20.
 - Topology for tunable radar absorbers. ELECTRON LETT, 36(15), 1304-1306.
 - Smart microwave absorber. ELECTRON LETT, 36(1), 50-52.
 - . Electronics, 3(3), 491-503.
 
Conference proceedings
- . 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (pp 1-5), 30 March 2025 - 4 April 2025.
 - . 2023 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) Proceedings (pp 1-5). Toronto, ON, Canada, 5 September 2023 - 5 September 2023.
 - . 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). Florence, Italy, 26 March 2023 - 26 March 2023.
 - . 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (pp 1-4), 26 March 2023 - 31 March 2023.
 - . 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (pp 1-5), 26 March 2023 - 31 March 2023.
 - . 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI) (pp 1888-1889), 10 July 2022 - 15 July 2022.
 - . 2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) (pp 1-6), 7 December 2021 - 11 December 2021.
 - . 2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. London, UK, 31 August 2020 - 31 August 2020.
 - . Proceeding of 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). Copenhagen, Denmark, 15 March 2020 - 15 March 2020.
 - . 2020 2nd 6G Wireless Summit (6G SUMMIT). Levi, Finland, 17 March 2020 - 17 March 2020.
 - . 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (pp 1-5), 15 March 2020 - 20 March 2020.
 - Tuning range enhancement of a frequency-agile tri-band slot antenna. Proceedings, 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation. Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 7 July 2019 - 7 July 2019.
 - Planar frequency-tunable quad-band antenna with independently controllable bands. Proceedings, 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation. Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 7 July 2019 - 7 July 2019.
 - A Metasurface for Multi-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications at 1.5T. 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2019
 - . 2018 12th International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena (Metamaterials) (pp 131-133), 27 August 2018 - 1 September 2018.
 - . Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC 2017), Loughborough. Loughborough, UK, 13 November 2017 - 13 November 2017.
 - . 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) (pp 746 (4 pp.)-746 (4 pp.))
 - . Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference 2018 (LAPC 2018) (pp 6 (2 pp.)-6 (2 pp.))
 - . 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) (pp 527 (3 pp.)-527 (3 pp.))
 - . 2017 15th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks Wiopt 2017
 - . IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 2017-June
 - . 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2017 (pp 731-734)
 - . 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2017 (pp 3131-3134)
 - . Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), 2017 IEEE 86th. Toronto, Canada, 24 September 2017 - 24 September 2017.
 - . 2016 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2016
 - . 2016 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2016
 - . Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC 2017)
 - . Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC 2017)
 - . 2017 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Isap 2017, Vol. 2017-January (pp 1-2)
 - . 2016 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2016
 - . IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 0
 - . 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2016
 - . 2015 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2015
 - Selected Aspects of RF Signal Propagation in Buildings
 - Wireless Friendly and Energy Efficient Buildings (WiFEEB). PIERS 2015 in Prague Abstracts (pp 1674). Cambridge, MA, USA
 - An Introduction to Physical-layer Security for Wireless Smart Cities. PIERS 2015 in Prague Abstracts (pp 1680). Cambridge, MA, USA
 - Investigation of the Use of Absorbing Materials for Indoor Co-Channel Applications. EUCAP. Lisbon, 13 April 2015 - 17 April 2015.
 - . 2014 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE) (pp 146-149), 8 December 2014 - 10 December 2014.
 - . 2014 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2014 (pp 169-172)
 - . 2014 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC) (pp 717-720), 10 November 2014 - 11 November 2014.
 - . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2014 (pp 614-615)
 - . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2014 (pp 1899-1901)
 - . The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014) (pp 620-622), 6 April 2014 - 11 April 2014.
 - . The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014) (pp 1889-1892), 6 April 2014 - 11 April 2014.
 - . The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014) (pp 614-615), 6 April 2014 - 11 April 2014.
 - A Digitally Tuned Capacitor as an Active Element for Reconfigurable Artificial Magnetic Conductors. 2014 IEEE ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS (APACE)
 - . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2014 (pp 620-622)
 - . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014). The Hague, Netherlands, 6 April 2014 - 11 April 2014.
 - . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2014 (pp 1889-1892)
 - Secure Electromagnetic Buildings
 - . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2014 (pp 25-26)
 - . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2014 (pp 623-624)
 - . 2013 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2013 (pp 510-513)
 - . 2013 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2013 (pp 217-220)
 - Switchable surface wave antenna for on/off-body communications. 2013 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2013 (pp 1644-1647)
 - . 2013 19th Asia Pacific Conference on Communications Apcc 2013 (pp 496-500)
 - . Lapc 2012 2012 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference
 - . 2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation Apcap 2012 Proceedings (pp 114-115)
 - . Proceedings of 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2012 (pp 2388-2391)
 - . Proceedings of 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2012 (pp 168-171)
 - . Proceedings of 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2012 (pp 2712-2715)
 - . Proceedings of 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2012 (pp 728-731)
 - . Lapc 2011 2011 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference
 - A stretchable PIFA antenna. LAPC 2011 - 2011 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference
 - . Lapc 2011 2011 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference
 - . Proceedings 2011 IEEE Aps Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications Apwc 11 (pp 576-579)
 - . Proceedings 2011 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications Iceaa 11 (pp 831-834)
 - Flexible dipole and monopole antennas. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2011 (pp 2052-2056)
 - Slotline structure for on/off-body communications at 2.45 GHz. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2011 (pp 525-529)
 - A reconfigurable miniaturised split ring antenna over AMC surface. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2011 (pp 1068-1070)
 - Independently reconfigurable multiband high impedance surface for L, C, X and Ku Radar Bands. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Eucap 2011 (pp 1890-1894)
 - . 2010 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2010 (pp 333-336)
 - . 2010 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2010 (pp 421-424)
 - . 2010 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2010 (pp 529-531)
 - . 2010 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2010 (pp 305-308)
 - . 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and Cnc Usnc Ursi Radio Science Meeting Leading the Wave AP S Ursi 2010
 - . 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and Cnc Usnc Ursi Radio Science Meeting Leading the Wave AP S Ursi 2010
 - . 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and Cnc Usnc Ursi Radio Science Meeting Leading the Wave AP S Ursi 2010
 - . 2010 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (pp 529-532), 8 November 2010 - 9 November 2010.
 - Oblique incidence optimisation of a pyramidal absorber using a frequency selective surface. Eucap 2010 the 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation
 - Miniaturised frequency selective surface. Eucap 2010 the 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation
 - Tunable Antennas and AMC Structures. Antennas and Propagation Symposium (APS)
 - . Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2009 Conference Proceedings (pp 217-220)
 - . Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc 2009 Conference Proceedings (pp 18-21)
 - Optimisation of a Stepped Permittivity Impedance Loaded (SPIL) Absorber. 2009 3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1-6 (pp 2589-2591)
 - Genetic Algorithm Optimisation of Pyramidal Absorbers Loaded with a Binary FSS. 2009 3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1-6 (pp 3753-3755)
 - Independently Tuneable Dual Band Single Layer EBG. 2009 3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1-6 (pp 1579-1582)
 - Miniaturised Bandpass Frequency Selective Surface. 2009 3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1-6 (pp 1820-1823)
 - Tunable antennas and band gap surfaces. Adaptable and Tunable Antenna Technology for Handsets and Mobile Computing Products, 2009 IET Seminar on (pp 1-34)
 - . Iet Seminar Digest, Vol. 2008(12219) (pp 167-172)
 - . Iet Seminar Digest, Vol. 2008(12338)
 - Novel Planar Band Pass Lump-Loaded Frequency Selective Surface. 2008 IEEE MIT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE WORKSHOP SERIES ON ART OF MINIATURIZING RF AND MICROWAVE PASSIVE COMPONENTS (pp 87-89)
 - EFFECT OF ELEMENT FAILURE IN ACTIVE COATINGS FOR WIND TURBINE GENERATOR BLADES. 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 (pp 1424-1427)
 - Dipole Radiation Steering using an Active Artificial Magnetic Conductor. 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 (pp 1088-1091)
 - DESIGN AND REALISATION OF ACTIVE COATINGS FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES. 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 (pp 1420-1423)
 - . 2008 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc (pp 141-144)
 - . 2008 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference Lapc (pp 137-140)
 - . 2008 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (pp 1-4), 5 July 2008 - 11 July 2008.
 - . Iet Seminar Digest, Vol. 2007(11961)
 - . Iet Seminar Digest, Vol. 2007(11961)
 - . IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society AP S International Symposium Digest (pp 4076-4079)
 - . IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society AP S International Symposium Digest (pp 4525-4528)
 - Pyramidal absorbers loaded with resistive FSS. 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 (pp 4125-4128)
 - Optimum performance of pyramidal absorbers using impedance loading layers. 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 (pp 4089-4092)
 - Tuneable compact antenna design using active EBGs. 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 (pp 2683-2686)
 - A new approach to the design of low frequency radar absorbent materials. 2007 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas, Metamaterials and Applications (pp 353-356)
 - Active frequency selective surface using PIN diodes. IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (pp 4097-4100). Honolulu, HI
 - Active Frequency Selective Surface design for WLAN. 10th Australian Symposium on Antennas. Sydney, Australia
 - Plastic THz Band-Pass Filters and Applications. IRMMW. Cardiff
 - . Irmmw Thz2007 Conference Digest of the Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimetre Waves and 15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics (pp 297-298)
 - Antenna radiation pattern control using EBG/AMC surfaces for street furniture applications. 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 (pp 3711-3714)
 - . IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society AP S International Symposium Digest (pp 1955-1958)
 - An Active Single Layer Bandpass Frequency Selective Surface. Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Symposium (LAPC). Loughborough, UK
 - FSS-Loaded Pyramidal Absorber. Antenna Measurement and Technique Symposium (AMTA). Texas, USA
 - RCS Measurements using a Quasi Optical Focused Beam System. Antenna Measurement and Technique Symposium (AMTA). Atlanta, USA
 - An Approach to the Evaluation of Uncertainties for Complex RCS Measurement Data. Antenna Measurement and Technique Symposium (AMTA). USA
 - Microwave Characterisation of Materials in Free Space over the Frequency Range of 1.7 to 5.8GHz. Antenna Measurement and Technique Symposium (AMTA). USA
 - Electrochemical and microwave characterisation of 'microwave smart windows' based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composites. SMART MATERIALS II, Vol. 4934 (pp 200-209)
 - Tunable single layer phase modulated radar absorber. ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1 AND 2(480) (pp 588-592)
 - Tunable radar absorbers using frequency selective surfaces. ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1 AND 2(480) (pp 593-597)
 - Materials and techniques for controllable microwave surfaces. FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS, Vol. 4073 (pp 109-120)
 - Dynamically adaptive microwave structures. IEEE High Frequency Postgraduate Student Colloquium (pp 54-59)
 - Design and Application of Smart Absorbing and Reflecting Materials. Antenna Measurement and Technique Symposium (AMTA). USA
 
Datasets
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- Research group
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Electromagnetics, Wireless Hardware & RF Devices
 
- Teaching activities
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- EEE224 - Communications Electronics
 - EEE227 - Communications Electronics
 
 
- Professional activities and memberships
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- Senior member of the IEEE
 - Fellow of the Higher Education Academy
 - IET Technical Networks Communities Committee member
 
 
- Research students
 Student Degree Status Primary/Secondary Holtby D G PhD Graduated Primary Lee H PhD Graduated Primary Liu H PhD Graduated Primary Roberts J PhD Graduated Primary